Arumugam Vignesh; Kumarasamy Pradeepa Veerakumari; Subramaniam Selvakumar; Rajan Rakkiyappan; Krishnan Vasanth
Volume 5, Issue 2 , Spring 2021, , Pages 71-92
Abstract
< p>This study divulges a comparative analysis of Berberis tinctoria Lesch. leaf, stem, and fruit towards proximate contents assessment, e.g., moisture, crude-ash, crude-fibre, crude-lipid, crude-protein, nitrogen-free extract, energy followed by ICP-MS analysis which revealed that fruits have ...
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< p>This study divulges a comparative analysis of Berberis tinctoria Lesch. leaf, stem, and fruit towards proximate contents assessment, e.g., moisture, crude-ash, crude-fibre, crude-lipid, crude-protein, nitrogen-free extract, energy followed by ICP-MS analysis which revealed that fruits have a higher amount of essential minerals. The primary metabolites were higher in the fruit extract, whereas more secondary metabolites were observed in the methanolic extracts in the hierarchy of leaf and fruit then stem, respectively. Likewise, a higher amount of antioxidant activities were observed in ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. The fruit ethyl acetate extract showed a maximum of 95.27% anti-inflammatory activity. The fruit methanolic extract exhibited an antidiabetic activity with IC50 values of 75.5 ± 6.8 μg/mL and 45.4 ± 11.1 μg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. A significantly positive correlation was identified between the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities. The principal component analysis implies ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts as pivotal extracts of B. tinctoria.
Bahar Anjum; Ravendra Kumar; Randeep Kumar; OM. Prakash; R Srivastava; D.S. Rawat; A. Pant
Volume 4, Issue 4 , Autumn 2020, , Pages 177-192
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Ethyl Acetate Root Extract of Ardisia solanacea Roxb. (EREAS) and estimation of its biological activities. Phytochemical screening of EREAS showed the abundance of total phenolics, flavanoids, ortho-dihydric ...
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The objectives of this research were to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Ethyl Acetate Root Extract of Ardisia solanacea Roxb. (EREAS) and estimation of its biological activities. Phytochemical screening of EREAS showed the abundance of total phenolics, flavanoids, ortho-dihydric phenols, alkaloids, diterpenes and triterpenes etc. The quantitative analysis of EREAS was also carried out by GC/MS and α-amyrenone (13.3%) was found to be the major component. Antifeeding activity monitored through no choice leaf dip method against Spilosoma oblique. The results revealed dose and time dependent antifeeding activity, where the 100% mortality was observed signifying the intense insecticidal activity. The herbicidal activity of extracts was evaluated against the Raphanus raphanistrum seeds. Accordingly, EREAS showed effective herbicidal activity in terms of inhibition of seed germination, coleoptile length and the radical length. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was performed via DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating of Fe2+ activities. EREAS possessed potential antioxidant property and revealed good anti-inflammatory activity.
Olubunmi Adenike Akinwunmi; Damilola Kayode Adekeye; Sulaimon Adeoye Olagboye
Volume 4, Issue 1 , Winter 2020, , Pages 17-24
Abstract
Triclisia subcordata (Oliv) is a useful medicinal plant for the treatments of several diseases in South West, Nigeria. The methanol and dichloromethane extracts from the plant were investigated for the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidants, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. ...
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Triclisia subcordata (Oliv) is a useful medicinal plant for the treatments of several diseases in South West, Nigeria. The methanol and dichloromethane extracts from the plant were investigated for the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidants, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The determination of the antioxidant potential of the plant extracts was achieved through evaluation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity (NOS), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC). The qualitative analysis results of the study indicated the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolics, tannin and saponin in Triclisia subcordata (Oliv) methanol extract (TRME), while only steroids, phenolics and flavonoids were detected in the Triclisia subcordata (Oliv) dichloromethane extract (TRDE). Methanol was seen to possess higher extraction capacity than dichloromethane. The quantitative determination of the extract showed that phenolics (593.7 ± 1.34) mg/100 g and flavonoids (192.6 ± 2.10) mg/100 g were more extractable in TRDE than TRME. The results showed that the plant extracts can be used to scavenge free radicals and hence, possess great antioxidant properties. It was also observed that theplantextracts possess a mild in-vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibiting activities. Thus, Triclisia subcordata (Oliv) may be used in the treatment and management of diabetes.
Phytochemistry
Diksha Palariya; Anmol Singh; Anamika Dhami; Anil K. Pant; Ravendra Kumar; Om Prakash
Volume 3, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 275-286
Abstract
Premna mucronata Roxb. commonly known as agyon, is a plant of family Lamiaceae. This study dealt with the phytochemical analysis of leaves essential oil of Premna mucronata Roxb. (PMLO) using GC/MS technique and screening of its antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), metal chelating ...
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Premna mucronata Roxb. commonly known as agyon, is a plant of family Lamiaceae. This study dealt with the phytochemical analysis of leaves essential oil of Premna mucronata Roxb. (PMLO) using GC/MS technique and screening of its antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), metal chelating and reducing power assays, anti-inflammatory activity using in-vitro albumin denaturation assay and antibacterial activity using well diffusion method against pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis of PMLO revealed the presence of over 71 compounds. 3-octanone was found to be the major constituent that accounts for 23.6% of the total oil composition. The other major constituents identified were ethyl-hexanol (13.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (9.6%), linalool (5.5%), methyl salicylate (2.9%) and E-caryophyllene (2.9%). It was found that PMLO possessed antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH (IC50=11.18±0.03 µg/mL), metal chelating (IC50=18.82±0.46 µg/mL), and reducing power activities (IC50=21.69±0.02 µg/mL) and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was also shown by essential oil with IC50=30.27±0.005 µg/mL. Antibacterial activity of PMLO at higher concentration (1000ppm) showed zone of inhibition of 14.33±0.58mm against E. coli and 14.66±0.58mm against S. aureus. The essential oil of leave P.mucronata contains 3-Octanone, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl-hexanol, linalool, and have antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antibacterial acitivities.
Danielle Claude Bilanda; Alice Louise Woguia; Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet; Pierre Kamtchouing; Théophile Dimo
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Spring 2019, , Pages 109-116
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in many chronic diseases. The ethanol extract of Allanblackia floribunda (A. floribunda) was investigated for the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities on alcohol hypertensive rat’s model. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of plant extracts ...
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Oxidative stress is involved in many chronic diseases. The ethanol extract of Allanblackia floribunda (A. floribunda) was investigated for the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities on alcohol hypertensive rat’s model. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of plant extracts were evaluated in vitro by DPPH and ABTS assays, the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Alcohol-induced hypertensive rats (AHR) were obtained by oral administration of ethanol (3 g/kg/day during 8 weeks) followed by 4 weeks of concomitant treatment with A. floribunda (100 and 200 mg/kg) and ethanol. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated using the direct cannulation method. The effects of the extract on lipid profile, kidney and liver functions as well as oxidative stress markers were evaluated using colorimetric method. A. floribunda significantly reduced the mean blood pressure. The plant extract protected against the deterioration in lipid profile, reduced kidney and liver impairment, malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in organs. The total phenolic content of A. floribunda extract was found to be 76772.5 μg equivalent catechin/g. Antioxidant potential of the extract was higher with DPPH assay as compared to ABTS assay. These results suggest that the protective effect of the ethanol extract of A. floribunda in alcohol-induced hypertension was in part due to its antioxidant properties.
Zorawar Singh; Shivam Sharma; Adeshwinder Kaur
Volume 3, Issue 1 , Winter 2019, , Pages 67-76
Abstract
Naringin is a flavonoid abundantly found in Citrus L. spp. with diverse applications. The present review emphasizes on the ameliorative role of naringin against hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, renal toxicity and cardiotoxicity. Naringin has been found to be a strong antioxidant and beneficial in inflammation ...
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Naringin is a flavonoid abundantly found in Citrus L. spp. with diverse applications. The present review emphasizes on the ameliorative role of naringin against hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, renal toxicity and cardiotoxicity. Naringin has been found to be a strong antioxidant and beneficial in inflammation cases. Its supplementation revealed a drop in pathological changes in liver, brain and kidney tissues in hyperammonemia conditions. Naringin also regulates the expressions of glutamine synthetase, neuronal nitric oxide and soluble guanylate cyclase. It also inhibits some virus activities including herpes simplex. Treatment with naringin was found to be associated with controlled serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and low-density lipoproteins. It has also been found to possess ameliorative properties against cardiac toxicity and hypertrophy. It improves myocardial fibrosis by modulating p38 and PKC-beta protein expressions. It also enhances oxidative enzyme activities and regulate the increase in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls and tumour necrosis factor-alpha concentrations. Naringin, as one of the key flavonoids, possesses enormous potential to mitigate the effects of harmful drugs. It is a robust antitoxic agent revealing resilient action against hepato-, neuro-, renal and cardio-toxicity. Naringin may be used as a strong therapeutic agent to cure disease like herpes, diabetes, alcoholism and heart failure.
Satyajit D. Sarker; Lutfun Nahar
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 185-186
Abstract
Phytochemicals are generally secondary metabolites produced by plants, and they often possess various biological and pharmacological properties, which have long been exploited to find new drug molecules for the treatment of human ailments. However, because of the properties like antioxidant, emollient ...
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Phytochemicals are generally secondary metabolites produced by plants, and they often possess various biological and pharmacological properties, which have long been exploited to find new drug molecules for the treatment of human ailments. However, because of the properties like antioxidant, emollient and antimicrobial, and also as a colour and fragrance, some of the phytochemicals are used in a number of cosmetic products available to date.
Maryam Hasani; Shirin Hasani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 267-267
Abstract
In this study, nano-capsules based on chitosan (CS) and Arabic gum (AG) involving thyme essential oil (TEO), as an active ingredient, were prepared using the emulsion method. The nano-capsules were characterized by their encapsulation efficiency (EE), morphologies, particle size distributions, ...
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In this study, nano-capsules based on chitosan (CS) and Arabic gum (AG) involving thyme essential oil (TEO), as an active ingredient, were prepared using the emulsion method. The nano-capsules were characterized by their encapsulation efficiency (EE), morphologies, particle size distributions, zeta potential and release (RE). The obtained results showed that nano-capsules produced using a relative ratio of CS:AG (1.5%:8.5%) clearly showed the highest encapsulation efficiency (77.67%) and zeta potential value (+ 43.17 mV). In vitro release study demonstrated a slow release for the samples with larger CS ratio. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that nano-capsules sizes were over the range 385.2-756.1 nm with a rough surface shape for all samples. Moreover, quantitative values of antioxidant activity of free TEO and nano-encapsulated TEO were studied using the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The essential oil (EO) was investigated for its antibacterial activity against common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by disk diffusion and dilution (MIC) methods. Our results accounted for higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities of encapsulated TEO compared to those of free TEO. Finally, the CS:AG ratio of 1.5%:8.5% was found to be suitable wall material for TEO encapsulation.
Phytochemistry
Maryam Hassani; Shirin Hasani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2018, , Pages 75-82
Abstract
In this study Nano–capsules based on chitosan (CS) and Arabic Gum (GA) with Thyme essential oil (TEO) as an active ingredient were prepared using emulsion method. The nano–capsules were characterized by their Encapsulation efficiency (EE), morphologies, Particle size distributions, Zeta potential ...
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In this study Nano–capsules based on chitosan (CS) and Arabic Gum (GA) with Thyme essential oil (TEO) as an active ingredient were prepared using emulsion method. The nano–capsules were characterized by their Encapsulation efficiency (EE), morphologies, Particle size distributions, Zeta potential and Release (RE). Results showed that nano–capsules produced by using relative ratio CS: GA (1.5%:8.5%) clearly showed the highest Encapsulation efficiency (77.67%) and Zeta potential value (+ 43.17 mV). In vitro release studies demonstrated a prolonged release for the samples with larger CS ratio. Most nano–capsules sizes ranged from 385.2 to 756.1 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed nano–capsules had a rough surface without the spherical shape for all samples. Quantitative values of antioxidant activity of Thyme essential oil and nano–encapsulated essential oil were studied. The essential oils were investigated for their antibacterial activity against common Gram–positive and Gram–negative pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) by Disk diffusion and dilution method (MIC). Our results reported the better antioxidant and antibacterial effects of the encapsulated TEO in comparison with free TEO. Finally, the mixture of CS: GA at (1.5%:8.5%) can be suggested as suitable wall material for Thyme essential oil encapsulation.
Analytical Assessments of Bioactive Compounds
Yasar Ipek; Tevfik Ozen; Ibrahim Demirtas
Volume 1, Issue 4 , Autumn 2017, , Pages 199-206
Abstract
Lemon as a citrus species is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region, Turkey. The lemon pulp has been characterized as a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, phenolic acid as well as novel coumarin derivatives. It is usually obtained within the juice production in the food industries. ...
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Lemon as a citrus species is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region, Turkey. The lemon pulp has been characterized as a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, phenolic acid as well as novel coumarin derivatives. It is usually obtained within the juice production in the food industries. In the current report, lemon pulp was initially dried and immediately after subjected to extraction with hot water and ethyl acetate. This study deals with the isolation of secondary metabolites along with determinations of 32 phenolic contents. After isolation of major components using Sephadex LH-20 column and silica gel, 11 phenolic components were totally characterized using the 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Lemon pulp known as citrus peel has been recognized as a potential source of coumarin, limonoids, and methoxylated flavones. The antioxidant activities of the limonin (LMN) and lemon pulp ethyl acetate extract (LPEA) were evaluated using in vitro methods involving total antioxidant activity, reducing power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging activities of DPPH∙, H2O2 and ABTS+. and compared with standards at 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg.mL-1. According to the finding of this research, LMN and LPEA showed strong in vitro antioxidant activities and also were significantly exhibited an increase to be in a dose-dependent manner, (p <0.05).
Phytochemistry
Masumeh Mazandarani; Mohammad Ghafourian
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2017, , Pages 33-38
Abstract
Thymus kotchyanus L. is an aromatic plant belonging to Lamiaceae family and has promising traditional uses to treat some rural disorders. This species like other wild species of thyme is an aromatic plant and has been extensively used as an anti-inflammatory, expectorant, spasmolitic, sedative, antibacterial, ...
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Thymus kotchyanus L. is an aromatic plant belonging to Lamiaceae family and has promising traditional uses to treat some rural disorders. This species like other wild species of thyme is an aromatic plant and has been extensively used as an anti-inflammatory, expectorant, spasmolitic, sedative, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-infection agent. The present work concerned with ethnopharmacology as well as the influence of extraction methods on total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC) and antioxidant activity of of Thymus kotchyanus L. extract in Semnan Province, Iran. In this regard, the aerial parts of plant were collected in the blooming period from Tash Mountain (2120 msl) in September 2015. Then, ethanol extracts of the plant were obtained by maceration and ultrasound‐assisted methods. In addition, TPC and TFC were determined through the standard spectrophotometric methods using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 approaches, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro by the methods basing on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reducing power (RP) assays. The ultrasonic extract of plant was found to have higher amounts of TFC (81.17±1.07 mgQUE/g) and TPC contents (103.14±2.5 mgGAE/g) accounting for its high potential antioxidant activity (IC50=14.12±0.1 mg/mL) especially using the DPPH method. There was a strong positive correlation between influence of extraction methods on TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity of plant indicating that T. kotchyanus posess remarkable antioxidant activity and can be used potentially as a good source of natural antioxidant activities.
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